静默安装是在实际环境中使用最多的一种方式，而且部署可能还是离线环境。

安装前系统准备工作

在安装数据库之前需要对系统环境进行检查和配置来满足安装要求。

系统检查

在准备安装的系统上进行检查内存、系统版本、共享内存、磁盘空间、CPU 信息和架构：

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[student@oel7-2 ~]$ free -m
              total        used        free      shared  buff/cache   available
Mem:           3926         393        3217          11         315        3292
Swap:          4095           0        4095

[student@oel7-2 ~]$ cat /etc/redhat-release
Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server release 7.9 (Maipo)

[student@oel7-2 ~]$ df -h
Filesystem           Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
devtmpfs             1.9G     0  1.9G   0% /dev
tmpfs                2.0G     0  2.0G   0% /dev/shm
tmpfs                2.0G  9.5M  2.0G   1% /run
tmpfs                2.0G     0  2.0G   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/ol-root   35G  6.5G   29G  19% /
/dev/mapper/ol-u01    60G   33M   60G   1% /u01
/dev/sda1           1014M  218M  797M  22% /boot
tmpfs                393M  8.0K  393M   1% /run/user/42
tmpfs                393M     0  393M   0% /run/user/1000

[student@oel7-2 ~]$ uname -m
x86_64
[student@oel7-2 ~]$ cat /proc/version
Linux version 5.4.17-2102.201.3.el7uek.x86_64 (mockbuild@host-100-100-224-4) (gcc version 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-39.0.3) (GCC)) #2 SMP Fri Apr 23 09:05:55 PDT 2021

系统配置

设置 /etc/hosts 解析：

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[student@oel7-2 ~]$ cat /etc/hosts
127.0.0.1   localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4
::1         localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6
192.168.131.140 oel7-2 oel7-2.example.com

[student@oel7-2 ~]$ hostname
oel7-2.example.com

关闭防火墙和 SELinux：

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[student@oel7-2 ~]$ sudo systemctl disable --now firewalld
[student@oel7-2 ~]$ sudo setenforce 0

[student@oel7-2 ~]$ grep SELINUX= /etc/selinux/config
# SELINUX= can take one of these three values:
SELINUX=disabled

配置使用 ISO 的 YUM 仓库：

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[student@oel7-2 ~]$ sudo mkdir /mnt/iso
[student@oel7-2 ~]$ sudo mount /dev/sr0 /mnt/iso
mount: /dev/sr0 is write-protected, mounting read-only

[student@oel7-2 ~]$ sudo mkdir /etc/yum.repos.d/bak
[student@oel7-2 ~]$ sudo mv /etc/yum.repos.d/*.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/bak

[student@oel7-2 ~]$ cat /etc/yum.repos.d/iso.repo
[iso]
name=iso
baseurl=file:///mnt/iso
gpgcheck=0
enabled=1

手动准备环境

ISO 带有 oracle-database-preinstall-19c rpm 包，可以帮助我们自动的创建所需用户和配置内核参数，也可以手动进行配置。
手动配置之前可以检查是否有安装过 Oracle 软件：

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[student@oel7-2 ~]$ ls /etc/oraInst.loc
ls: cannot access /etc/oraInst.loc: No such file or directory

创建用户和组

创建所需组和用户：

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[student@oel7-2 ~]$ sudo groupadd -g 54321 oinstall
[student@oel7-2 ~]$ sudo groupadd -g 54322 dba
[student@oel7-2 ~]$ sudo groupadd -g 54323 oper
[student@oel7-2 ~]$ sudo useradd -u 54321 -g oinstall -G dba,oper oracle

[student@oel7-2 ~]$ echo oracle | sudo passwd --stdin oracle
Changing password for user oracle.
passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully.

创建 Oracle 安装目录

创建目录时需要注意权限：

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[student@oel7-2 ~]$ sudo mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle
[student@oel7-2 ~]$ sudo chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01/app/oracle
[student@oel7-2 ~]$ sudo chmod 775 /u01/app/oracle

配置环境变量

为 oracle 用户设置环境变量：

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[oracle@oel7-2 ~]$ vim .bash_profile

export ORACLE_SID=orcl
export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle
export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/19.3.0/db_1
export PATH=$PATH:$ORACLE_HOME/bin
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$LD_LIBRARY_PATH:$ORACLE_HOME/lib
export CLASSPATH=$ORACLE_HOME/JRE:ORACLE_HOME/jlib:$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/jlib

[oracle@oel7-2 ~]$ source  .bash_profile

配置内核参数

Oracle 对内核一组内核参数值有要求：

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[student@oel7-2 ~]$ sudo vim /etc/sysctl.d/oracle.conf

fs.file-max = 6815744
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
kernel.shmmni = 4096
kernel.shmall = 1073741824
kernel.shmmax = 4398046511104
kernel.panic_on_oops = 1
net.core.rmem_default = 262144
net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
net.core.wmem_default = 262144
net.core.wmem_max = 1048576
fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500

[student@oel7-2 ~]$ sudo sysctl --system
[student@oel7-2 ~]$ sysctl kernel.shmmax
kernel.shmmax = 4398046511104

安装所需依赖

检查依赖情况，对缺少的依赖进行安装：

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[student@oel7-2 ~]$ rpm -q bc \
> binutils \
> compat-libcap1 \
> compat-libstdc++-33 \
> elfutils-libelf \
> elfutils-libelf-devel \
> fontconfig-devel \
> glibc \
> glibc-devel \
> ksh \
> libaio \
> libaio-devel \
> libXrender \
> libXrender-devel \
> libX11 \
> libXau \
> libXi \
> libXtst \
> libgcc \
> libstdc++ \
> libstdc++-devel \
> libxcb \
> make \
> policycoreutils \
> policycoreutils-python \
> smartmontools \
> sysstat \ | grep "not installed"
package elfutils-libelf-devel is not installed
package fontconfig-devel is not installed
package ksh is not installed
package libaio-devel is not installed
package libXrender-devel is not installed

sudo yum install -y elfutils-libelf-devel fontconfig-devel ksh libaio-devel libXrender-devel

解压 Oracle 软件包

将 oracle zip 软件包上传至系统，然后解压至 $ORACLE_HOME 目录：

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[oracle@oel7-2 ~]$ mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/db_1

[oracle@oel7-2 ~]$ unzip LINUX.X64_193000_db_home.zip -d /u01/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/db_1

[oracle@oel7-2 ~]$ chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/db_1
[oracle@oel7-2 ~]$ chmod 775 -R /u01/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/db_1

静默安装 Oracle 数据库

静默安装通过使用已存在的响应文件进行安装，避免了安装过程中交互的输入安装参数。

静默安装 Oracle 软件

在 $ORACLE_HOME/install/response 目录中存在一个响应文件，可以以此为基础进行修改：

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[oracle@oel7-2 ~]$ cd $ORACLE_HOME/install/response
[oracle@oel7-2 response]$ cp db_install.rsp /tmp/

对 /tmp/db_install.rsp 进行修改，该文件每一个参数都有描述，如果仅安装数据库软件并不需要对所有参数进行配置：

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####################################################################
## Copyright(c) Oracle Corporation 1998,2019. All rights reserved.##
##                                                                ##
## Specify values for the variables listed below to customize     ##
## your installation.                                             ##
##                                                                ##
## Each variable is associated with a comment. The comment        ##
## can help to populate the variables with the appropriate        ##
## values.                                                        ##
##                                                                ##
## IMPORTANT NOTE: This file contains plain text passwords and    ##
## should be secured to have read permission only by oracle user  ##
## or db administrator who owns this installation.                ##
##                                                                ##
####################################################################

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Do not change the following system generated value.
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.responseFileVersion=/oracle/install/rspfmt_dbinstall_response_schema_v19.0.0

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the installation option.
# It can be one of the following:
#   - INSTALL_DB_SWONLY
#   - INSTALL_DB_AND_CONFIG
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.option=INSTALL_DB_SWONLY

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the Unix group to be set for the inventory directory.
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
UNIX_GROUP_NAME=oinstall

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the location which holds the inventory files.
# This is an optional parameter if installing on
# Windows based Operating System.
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
INVENTORY_LOCATION=/u01/app/oraInventory
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the complete path of the Oracle Home.
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/db_1

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the complete path of the Oracle Base.
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the installation edition of the component.
#
# The value should contain only one of these choices.
#   - EE     : Enterprise Edition
#   - SE2     : Standard Edition 2

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

oracle.install.db.InstallEdition=EE
###############################################################################
#                                                                             #
# PRIVILEGED OPERATING SYSTEM GROUPS                                          #
# ------------------------------------------                                  #
# Provide values for the OS groups to which SYSDBA and SYSOPER privileges     #
# needs to be granted. If the install is being performed as a member of the   #
# group "dba", then that will be used unless specified otherwise below.       #
#                                                                             #
# The value to be specified for OSDBA and OSOPER group is only for UNIX based #
# Operating System.                                                           #
#                                                                             #
###############################################################################

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# The OSDBA_GROUP is the OS group which is to be granted SYSDBA privileges.
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.OSDBA_GROUP=dba

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# The OSOPER_GROUP is the OS group which is to be granted SYSOPER privileges.
# The value to be specified for OSOPER group is optional.
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.OSOPER_GROUP=oper

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# The OSBACKUPDBA_GROUP is the OS group which is to be granted SYSBACKUP privileges.
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.OSBACKUPDBA_GROUP=dba

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# The OSDGDBA_GROUP is the OS group which is to be granted SYSDG privileges.
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.OSDGDBA_GROUP=dba

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# The OSKMDBA_GROUP is the OS group which is to be granted SYSKM privileges.
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.OSKMDBA_GROUP=dba

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# The OSRACDBA_GROUP is the OS group which is to be granted SYSRAC privileges.
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.OSRACDBA_GROUP=dba
################################################################################
#                                                                              #
#                      Root script execution configuration                     #
#                                                                              #
################################################################################

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the root script execution mode.
#
#   - true  : To execute the root script automatically by using the appropriate configuration methods.
#   - false : To execute the root script manually.
#
# If this option is selected, password should be specified on the console.
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.rootconfig.executeRootScript=

#--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the configuration method to be used for automatic root script execution.
#
# Following are the possible choices:
#   - ROOT
#   - SUDO
#--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.rootconfig.configMethod=
#--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the absolute path of the sudo program.
#
# Applicable only when SUDO configuration method was chosen.
#--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.rootconfig.sudoPath=

#--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the name of the user who is in the sudoers list.
# Applicable only when SUDO configuration method was chosen.
# Note:For Single Instance database installations,the sudo user name must be the username of the user installing the database.
#--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.rootconfig.sudoUserName=

###############################################################################
#                                                                             #
#                               Grid Options                                  #
#                                                                             #
###############################################################################

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Value is required only if the specified install option is INSTALL_DB_SWONLY
#
# Specify the cluster node names selected during the installation.
#
# Example : oracle.install.db.CLUSTER_NODES=node1,node2
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.CLUSTER_NODES=

###############################################################################
#                                                                             #
#                        Database Configuration Options                       #
#                                                                             #
###############################################################################

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the type of database to create.
# It can be one of the following:
#   - GENERAL_PURPOSE
#   - DATA_WAREHOUSE
# GENERAL_PURPOSE: A starter database designed for general purpose use or transaction-heavy applications.
# DATA_WAREHOUSE : A starter database optimized for data warehousing applications.
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.type=GENERAL_PURPOSE

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the Starter Database Global Database Name.
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.globalDBName=

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the Starter Database SID.
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.SID=

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify whether the database should be configured as a Container database.
# The value can be either "true" or "false". If left blank it will be assumed
# to be "false".
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.ConfigureAsContainerDB=

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the  Pluggable Database name for the pluggable database in Container Database.
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.config.PDBName=

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the Starter Database character set.
#
#  One of the following
#  AL32UTF8, WE8ISO8859P15, WE8MSWIN1252, EE8ISO8859P2,
#  EE8MSWIN1250, NE8ISO8859P10, NEE8ISO8859P4, BLT8MSWIN1257,
#  BLT8ISO8859P13, CL8ISO8859P5, CL8MSWIN1251, AR8ISO8859P6,
#  AR8MSWIN1256, EL8ISO8859P7, EL8MSWIN1253, IW8ISO8859P8,
#  IW8MSWIN1255, JA16EUC, JA16EUCTILDE, JA16SJIS, JA16SJISTILDE,
#  KO16MSWIN949, ZHS16GBK, TH8TISASCII, ZHT32EUC, ZHT16MSWIN950,
#  ZHT16HKSCS, WE8ISO8859P9, TR8MSWIN1254, VN8MSWIN1258
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.characterSet=

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# This variable should be set to true if Automatic Memory Management
# in Database is desired.
# If Automatic Memory Management is not desired, and memory allocation
# is to be done manually, then set it to false.
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.memoryOption=

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the total memory allocation for the database. Value(in MB) should be
# at least 256 MB, and should not exceed the total physical memory available
# on the system.
# Example: oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.memoryLimit=512
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.memoryLimit=

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# This variable controls whether to load Example Schemas onto
# the starter database or not.
# The value can be either "true" or "false". If left blank it will be assumed
# to be "false".
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.installExampleSchemas=

###############################################################################
#                                                                             #
# Passwords can be supplied for the following four schemas in the             #
# starter database:                                                           #
#   SYS                                                                       #
#   SYSTEM                                                                    #
#   DBSNMP (used by Enterprise Manager)                                       #
#                                                                             #
# Same password can be used for all accounts (not recommended)                #
# or different passwords for each account can be provided (recommended)       #
#                                                                             #
###############################################################################

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# This variable holds the password that is to be used for all schemas in the
# starter database.
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.ALL=

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the SYS password for the starter database.
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.SYS=

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the SYSTEM password for the starter database.
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.SYSTEM=

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the DBSNMP password for the starter database.
# Applicable only when oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.managementOption=CLOUD_CONTROL
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.DBSNMP=

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the PDBADMIN password required for creation of Pluggable Database in the Container Database.
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.PDBADMIN=

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the management option to use for managing the database.
# Options are:
# 1. CLOUD_CONTROL - If you want to manage your database with Enterprise Manager Cloud Control along with Database Express.
# 2. DEFAULT   -If you want to manage your database using the default Database Express option.
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.managementOption=

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the OMS host to connect to Cloud Control.
# Applicable only when oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.managementOption=CLOUD_CONTROL
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.omsHost=

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the OMS port to connect to Cloud Control.
# Applicable only when oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.managementOption=CLOUD_CONTROL
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.omsPort=

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the EM Admin user name to use to connect to Cloud Control.
# Applicable only when oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.managementOption=CLOUD_CONTROL
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.emAdminUser=

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the EM Admin password to use to connect to Cloud Control.
# Applicable only when oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.managementOption=CLOUD_CONTROL
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.emAdminPassword=

###############################################################################
#                                                                             #
# SPECIFY RECOVERY OPTIONS                                                    #
# ------------------------------------                                        #
# Recovery options for the database can be mentioned using the entries below  #
#                                                                             #
###############################################################################

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# This variable is to be set to false if database recovery is not required. Else
# this can be set to true.
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.enableRecovery=

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the type of storage to use for the database.
# It can be one of the following:
#   - FILE_SYSTEM_STORAGE
#   - ASM_STORAGE
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.storageType=

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the database file location which is a directory for datafiles, control
# files, redo logs.
#
# Applicable only when oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.storage=FILE_SYSTEM_STORAGE
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.fileSystemStorage.dataLocation=

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the recovery location.
#
# Applicable only when oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.storage=FILE_SYSTEM_STORAGE
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.fileSystemStorage.recoveryLocation=

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the existing ASM disk groups to be used for storage.
#
# Applicable only when oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.storageType=ASM_STORAGE
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.config.asm.diskGroup=

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the password for ASMSNMP user of the ASM instance.
#
# Applicable only when oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.storage=ASM_STORAGE
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.config.asm.ASMSNMPPassword=

主要修改以下参数：

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oracle.install.responseFileVersion=/oracle/install/rspfmt_dbinstall_response_schema_v19.0.0
oracle.install.option=INSTALL_DB_SWONLY
UNIX_GROUP_NAME=oinstall
INVENTORY_LOCATION=/u01/app/oraInventory
ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle
ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/db_1
oracle.install.db.InstallEdition=EE
oracle.install.db.OSDBA_GROUP=dba
oracle.install.db.OSOPER_GROUP=oper
oracle.install.db.OSBACKUPDBA_GROUP=dba
oracle.install.db.OSDGDBA_GROUP=dba
oracle.install.db.OSKMDBA_GROUP=dba
oracle.install.db.OSRACDBA_GROUP=dba
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.type=GENERAL_PURPOSE

使用 runInstaller 静默安装配合 rsp 文件：

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[oracle@oel7-2 ~]$ cd $ORACLE_HOME
[oracle@oel7-2 db_1]$ ./runInstaller -silent -responseFile /tmp/db_install.rsp -ignorePrereq

安装成功的输出：

根据要求使用 root 权限运行脚本：

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[oracle@oel7-2 db_1]$ su -
Password:
Last login: Sat Jan  4 13:44:19 CST 2025 on pts/0
[root@oel7-2 ~]# /u01/app/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh
Changing permissions of /u01/app/oraInventory.
Adding read,write permissions for group.
Removing read,write,execute permissions for world.

Changing groupname of /u01/app/oraInventory to oinstall.
The execution of the script is complete.
[root@oel7-2 ~]#  /u01/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/db_1/root.sh
Check /u01/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/db_1/install/root_oel7-2.example.com_2025-01-04_13-46-20-502192761.log for the output of root script

创建监听

监听也有 response 文件，可以查找名为 netca.rsp 的文件：

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[oracle@oel7-2 ~]$ find $ORACLE_HOME -name netca.rsp
/u01/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/db_1/assistants/netca/netca.rsp

文件默认配置监听 TCP 1521，静默配置监听：

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[oracle@oel7-2 ~]$ netca -silent -responseFile /u01/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/db_1/assistants/netca/netca.rsp

Parsing command line arguments:
    Parameter "silent" = true
    Parameter "responsefile" = /u01/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/db_1/assistants/netca/netca.rsp
Done parsing command line arguments.
Oracle Net Services Configuration:
Profile configuration complete.
Oracle Net Listener Startup:
    Running Listener Control:
      /u01/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/db_1/bin/lsnrctl start LISTENER
    Listener Control complete.
    Listener started successfully.
Listener configuration complete.
Oracle Net Services configuration successful. The exit code is 0
[oracle@oel7-2 ~]$
[oracle@oel7-2 ~]$ lsnrctl status

LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 19.0.0.0.0 - Production on 04-JAN-2025 13:54:39

Copyright (c) 1991, 2019, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=oel7-2)(PORT=1521)))
STATUS of the LISTENER
------------------------
Alias                     LISTENER
Version                   TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 19.0.0.0.0 - Production
Start Date                04-JAN-2025 13:54:35
Uptime                    0 days 0 hr. 0 min. 3 sec
Trace Level               off
Security                  ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP                      OFF
Listener Parameter File   /u01/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora
Listener Log File         /u01/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/oel7-2/listener/alert/log.xml
Listening Endpoints Summary...
  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=oel7-2)(PORT=1521)))
  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC1521)))
The listener supports no services
The command completed successfully

静默创建数据库

创建数据库使用 dbca 工具，它也支持静默安装。
首先需要找到 response 文件：

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[oracle@oel7-2 ~]$ find $ORACLE_HOME -name dbca.rsp
/u01/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/db_1/assistants/dbca/dbca.rsp

找到后，根据创建数据参数修改文件：

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[oracle@oel7-2 ~]$ cp /u01/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/db_1/assistants/dbca/dbca.rsp /tmp/
[oracle@oel7-2 ~]$ vim /tmp/dbca.rsp

文件内容：

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##############################################################################
##                                                                          ##
##                            DBCA response file                            ##
##                            ------------------                            ##
## Copyright(c) Oracle Corporation 1998,2019. All rights reserved.         ##
##                                                                          ##
## Specify values for the variables listed below to customize                       ##
## your installation.                                                               ##
##                                                                                  ##
## Each variable is associated with a comment. The comment                          ##
## can help to populate the variables with the appropriate                          ##
## values.                                                                          ##
##                                                                                      ##
## IMPORTANT NOTE: This file contains plain text passwords and                          ##
## should be secured to have read permission only by oracle user                        ##
## or db administrator who owns this installation.                                      ##
##############################################################################
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Do not change the following system generated value.
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
responseFileVersion=/oracle/assistants/rspfmt_dbca_response_schema_v19.0.0

#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Name          : gdbName
# Datatype      : String
# Description   : Global database name of the database
# Valid values  : <db_name>.<db_domain> - when database domain isn't NULL
#                 <db_name>             - when database domain is NULL
# Default value : None
# Mandatory     : Yes
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
gdbName=

#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Name          : sid
# Datatype      : String
# Description   : System identifier (SID) of the database
# Valid values  : Check Oracle19c Administrator's Guide
# Default value : <db_name> specified in GDBNAME
# Mandatory     : No
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
sid=

#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Name          : databaseConfigType
# Datatype      : String
# Description   : database conf type as Single Instance, Real Application Cluster or Real Application Cluster One Nodes database
# Valid values  : SI\RAC\RACONENODE
# Default value : SI
# Mandatory     : No
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
databaseConfigType=

#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Name          : RACOneNodeServiceName
# Datatype      : String
# Description   : Service is required by application to connect to RAC One
#                 Node Database
# Valid values  : Service Name
# Default value : None
# Mandatory     : No [required in case DATABASECONFTYPE is set to RACONENODE ]
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
RACOneNodeServiceName=

#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Name          : policyManaged
# Datatype      : Boolean
# Description   : Set to true if Database is policy managed and
#                 set to false if  Database is admin managed
# Valid values  : TRUE\FALSE
# Default value : FALSE
# Mandatory     : No
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
policyManaged=

#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Name          : createServerPool
# Datatype      : Boolean
# Description   : Set to true if new server pool need to be created for database
#                 if this option is specified then the newly created database
#                 will use this newly created serverpool.
#                 Multiple serverpoolname can not be specified for database
# Valid values  : TRUE\FALSE
# Default value : FALSE
# Mandatory     : No
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
createServerPool=

#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Name          : serverPoolName
# Datatype      : String
# Description   : Only one serverpool name need to be specified
#                  if Create Server Pool option is specified.
#                  Comma-separated list of Serverpool names if db need to use
#                  multiple Server pool
# Valid values  : ServerPool name

# Default value : None
# Mandatory     : No [required in case of RAC service centric database]
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
serverPoolName=

#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Name          : cardinality
# Datatype      : Number
# Description   : Specify Cardinality for create server pool operation

# Valid values  : any positive Integer value
# Default value : Number of qualified nodes on cluster
# Mandatory     : No [Required when a new serverpool need to be created]
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
cardinality=

#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Name          : force
# Datatype      : Boolean
# Description   : Set to true if new server pool need to be created by force
#                 if this option is specified then the newly created serverpool
#                 will be assigned server even if no free servers are available.
#                 This may affect already running database.
#                 This flag can be specified for Admin managed as well as policy managed db.
# Valid values  : TRUE\FALSE
# Default value : FALSE
# Mandatory     : No
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
force=

#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Name          : pqPoolName
# Datatype      : String
# Description   : Only one serverpool name needs to be specified
#                  if create server pool option is specified.
#                  Comma-separated list of serverpool names if use
#                  server pool. This is required to
#                  create Parallel Query (PQ) database. Applicable to Big Cluster
# Valid values  :  Parallel Query (PQ) pool name
# Default value : None
# Mandatory     : No [required in case of RAC service centric database]
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
pqPoolName=

#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Name          : pqCardinality
# Datatype      : Number
# Description   : Specify Cardinality for create server pool operation.
#                 Applicable to Big Cluster
# Valid values  : any positive Integer value
# Default value : Number of qualified nodes on cluster
# Mandatory     : No [Required when a new serverpool need to be created]
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
pqCardinality=

#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Name          : createAsContainerDatabase
# Datatype      : boolean
# Description   : flag to create database as container database
# Valid values  : Check Oracle19c Administrator's Guide
# Default value : false
# Mandatory     : No
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
createAsContainerDatabase=

#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Name          : numberOfPDBs
# Datatype      : Number
# Description   : Specify the number of pdb to be created
# Valid values  : 0 to 4094
# Default value : 0
# Mandatory     : No
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
numberOfPDBs=

#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Name          : pdbName
# Datatype      : String
# Description   : Specify the pdbname/pdbanme prefix if one or more pdb need to be created
# Valid values  : Check Oracle19c Administrator's Guide
# Default value : None
# Mandatory     : No
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
pdbName=

#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Name          : useLocalUndoForPDBs
# Datatype      : boolean
# Description   : Flag to create local undo tablespace for all PDB's.
# Valid values  : TRUE\FALSE
# Default value : TRUE
# Mandatory     : No
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
useLocalUndoForPDBs=

#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Name          : pdbAdminPassword
# Datatype      : String
# Description   : PDB Administrator user password
# Valid values  : Check Oracle19c Administrator's Guide
# Default value : None
# Mandatory     : No
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

pdbAdminPassword=

#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Name          : nodelist
# Datatype      : String
# Description   : Comma-separated list of cluster nodes
# Valid values  : Cluster node names
# Default value : None
# Mandatory     : No (Yes for RAC database-centric database )
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
nodelist=

#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Name          : templateName
# Datatype      : String
# Description   : Name of the template
# Valid values  : Template file name
# Default value : None
# Mandatory     : Yes
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
templateName=

#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Name          : sysPassword
# Datatype      : String
# Description   : Password for SYS user
# Valid values  : Check Oracle19c Administrator's Guide
# Default value : None
# Mandatory     : Yes
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
sysPassword=

#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Name          : systemPassword
# Datatype      : String
# Description   : Password for SYSTEM user
# Valid values  : Check Oracle19c Administrator's Guide
# Default value : None
# Mandatory     : Yes
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
systemPassword=

#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Name          : oracleHomeUserPassword
# Datatype      : String
# Description   : Password for Windows Service user
# Default value : None
# Mandatory     : If Oracle home is installed with windows service user
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracleHomeUserPassword=

#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Name          : emConfiguration
# Datatype      : String
# Description   : Enterprise Manager Configuration Type
# Valid values  : CENTRAL|DBEXPRESS|BOTH|NONE
# Default value : NONE
# Mandatory     : No
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
emConfiguration=

#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Name          : emExpressPort
# Datatype      : Number
# Description   : Enterprise Manager Configuration Type
# Valid values  : Check Oracle19c Administrator's Guide
# Default value : NONE
# Mandatory     : No, will be picked up from DBEXPRESS_HTTPS_PORT env variable
#                 or auto generates a free port between 5500 and 5599
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
emExpressPort=5500

#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Name          : runCVUChecks
# Datatype      : Boolean
# Description   : Specify whether to run Cluster Verification Utility checks
#                 periodically in Cluster environment
# Valid values  : TRUE\FALSE
# Default value : FALSE
# Mandatory     : No
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
runCVUChecks=

#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Name          : dbsnmpPassword
# Datatype      : String
# Description   : Password for DBSNMP user
# Valid values  : Check Oracle19c Administrator's Guide
# Default value : None
# Mandatory     : Yes, if emConfiguration is specified or
#                 the value of runCVUChecks is TRUE
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
dbsnmpPassword=

#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Name          : omsHost
# Datatype      : String
# Description   : EM management server host name
# Default value : None
# Mandatory     : Yes, if CENTRAL is specified for emConfiguration
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
omsHost=

#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Name          : omsPort
# Datatype      : Number
# Description   : EM management server port number
# Default value : None
# Mandatory     : Yes, if CENTRAL is specified for emConfiguration
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
omsPort=

#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Name          : emUser
# Datatype      : String
# Description   : EM Admin username to add or modify targets
# Default value : None
# Mandatory     : Yes, if CENTRAL is specified for emConfiguration
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
emUser=

#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Name          : emPassword
# Datatype      : String
# Description   : EM Admin user password
# Default value : None
# Mandatory     : Yes, if CENTRAL is specified for emConfiguration
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
emPassword=

#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Name          : dvConfiguration
# Datatype      : Boolean
# Description   : Specify "True" to configure and enable Oracle Database vault
# Valid values  : True/False
# Default value : False
# Mandatory     : No
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
dvConfiguration=

#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Name          : dvUserName
# Datatype      : String
# Description   : DataVault Owner
# Valid values  : Check Oracle19c Administrator's Guide
# Default value : None
# Mandatory     : Yes, if DataVault option is chosen
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
dvUserName=

#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Name          : dvUserPassword
# Datatype      : String
# Description   : Password for DataVault Owner
# Valid values  : Check Oracle19c Administrator's Guide
# Default value : None
# Mandatory     : Yes, if DataVault option is chosen
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
dvUserPassword=

#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Name          : dvAccountManagerName
# Datatype      : String
# Description   : DataVault Account Manager
# Valid values  : Check Oracle19c Administrator's Guide
# Default value : None
# Mandatory     : No
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
dvAccountManagerName=

#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Name          : dvAccountManagerPassword
# Datatype      : String
# Description   : Password for  DataVault Account Manager
# Valid values  : Check Oracle19c Administrator's Guide
# Default value : None
# Mandatory     : No
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
dvAccountManagerPassword=

#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Name          : olsConfiguration
# Datatype      : Boolean
# Description   : Specify "True" to configure and enable Oracle Label Security
# Valid values  : True/False
# Default value : False
# Mandatory     : No
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
olsConfiguration=

#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Name          : datafileJarLocation
# Datatype      : String
# Description   : Location of the data file jar
# Valid values  : Directory containing compressed datafile jar
# Default value : None
# Mandatory     : No
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
datafileJarLocation=

#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Name          : datafileDestination
# Datatype      : String
# Description   : Location of the data file's
# Valid values  : Directory for all the database files
# Default value : $ORACLE_BASE/oradata
# Mandatory     : No
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
datafileDestination=

#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Name          : recoveryAreaDestination
# Datatype      : String
# Description   : Location of the data file's
# Valid values  : Recovery Area location
# Default value : $ORACLE_BASE/flash_recovery_area
# Mandatory     : No
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
recoveryAreaDestination=

#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Name          : storageType
# Datatype      : String
# Description   : Specifies the storage on which the database is to be created
# Valid values  : FS (CFS for RAC), ASM
# Default value : FS
# Mandatory     : No
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
storageType=

#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Name          : diskGroupName
# Datatype      : String
# Description   : Specifies the disk group name for the storage
# Default value : DATA
# Mandatory     : No
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
diskGroupName=

#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Name          : asmsnmpPassword
# Datatype      : String
# Description   : Password for ASM Monitoring
# Default value : None
# Mandatory     : No
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
asmsnmpPassword=

#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Name          : recoveryGroupName
# Datatype      : String
# Description   : Specifies the disk group name for the recovery area
# Default value : RECOVERY
# Mandatory     : No
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
recoveryGroupName=

#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Name          : characterSet
# Datatype      : String
# Description   : Character set of the database
# Valid values  : Check Oracle19c National Language Support Guide
# Default value : "US7ASCII"
# Mandatory     : NO
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
characterSet=

#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Name          : nationalCharacterSet
# Datatype      : String
# Description   : National Character set of the database
# Valid values  : "UTF8" or "AL16UTF16". For details, check Oracle19c National Language Support Guide
# Default value : "AL16UTF16"
# Mandatory     : No
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
nationalCharacterSet=

#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Name          : registerWithDirService
# Datatype      : Boolean
# Description   : Specifies whether to register with Directory Service.
# Valid values  : TRUE \ FALSE
# Default value : FALSE
# Mandatory     : No
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
registerWithDirService=

#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Name          : dirServiceUserName
# Datatype      : String
# Description   : Specifies the name of the directory service user
# Mandatory     : YES, if the value of registerWithDirService is TRUE
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
dirServiceUserName=

#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Name          : dirServicePassword
# Datatype      : String
# Description   : The password of the directory service user.
#                 You can also specify the password at the command prompt instead of here.
# Mandatory     : YES, if the value of registerWithDirService is TRUE
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
dirServicePassword=

#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Name          : walletPassword
# Datatype      : String
# Description   : The password for wallet to created or modified.
#                 You can also specify the password at the command prompt instead of here.
# Mandatory     : YES, if the value of registerWithDirService is TRUE
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
walletPassword=

#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Name          : listeners
# Datatype      : String
# Description   : Specifies list of listeners to register the database with.
#                 By default the database is configured for all the listeners specified in the
#                 $ORACLE_HOME/network/admin/listener.ora
# Valid values  : The list should be comma separated like "listener1,listener2".
# Mandatory     : NO
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
listeners=

#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Name          : variablesFile
# Datatype      : String
# Description   : Location of the file containing variable value pair
# Valid values  : A valid file-system file. The variable value pair format in this file
#                 is <variable>=<value>. Each pair should be in a new line.
# Default value : None
# Mandatory     : NO
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
variablesFile=

#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Name          : variables
# Datatype      : String
# Description   : comma separated list of name=value pairs. Overrides variables defined in variablefile and templates
# Default value : None
# Mandatory     : NO
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
variables=

#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Name          : initParams
# Datatype      : String
# Description   : comma separated list of name=value pairs. Overrides initialization parameters defined in templates
# Default value : None
# Mandatory     : NO
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
initParams=

#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Name          : sampleSchema
# Datatype      : Boolean
# Description   : Specifies whether or not to add the Sample Schemas to your database
# Valid values  : TRUE \ FALSE
# Default value : FASLE
# Mandatory     : No
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
sampleSchema=

#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Name          : memoryPercentage
# Datatype      : String
# Description   : percentage of physical memory for Oracle
# Default value : None
# Mandatory     : NO
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
memoryPercentage=

#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Name          : databaseType
# Datatype      : String
# Description   : used for memory distribution when memoryPercentage specified
# Valid values  : MULTIPURPOSE|DATA_WAREHOUSING|OLTP
# Default value : MULTIPURPOSE
# Mandatory     : NO
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
databaseType=

#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Name          : automaticMemoryManagement
# Datatype      : Boolean
# Description   : flag to indicate Automatic Memory Management is used
# Valid values  : TRUE/FALSE
# Default value : TRUE
# Mandatory     : NO
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
automaticMemoryManagement=

#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Name          : totalMemory
# Datatype      : String
# Description   : total memory in MB to allocate to Oracle
# Valid values  :
# Default value :
# Mandatory     : NO
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
totalMemory=

需要修改的内容：

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responseFileVersion=/home/oracle/rspfmt_dbca_response_schema_v19.0.0
gdbName=orcl
sid=orcl
databaseConfigType=SI
templateName=General_Purpose.dbc
oracleHomeUserPassword=oracle
totalMemory=1500
sysPassword=oracle
systemPassword=oracle
datafileDestination=/u01/app/oracle/oradata
characterSet=ZHS16GBK
nationalCharacterSet=AL16UTF16
databaseType=OLTP

使用 rsp 文件静默创建数据库：

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[oracle@oel7-2 ~]$ dbca -silent -createDatabase -responseFile /tmp/dbca.rsp

输出结果：

验证数据库已创建：

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[oracle@oel7-2 ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 19.0.0.0.0 - Production on Sat Jan 4 15:33:44 2025
Version 19.3.0.0.0

Copyright (c) 1982, 2019, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Connected to:
Oracle Database 19c Enterprise Edition Release 19.0.0.0.0 - Production
Version 19.3.0.0.0

SQL> select status from v$instance;

STATUS
------------
OPEN